The Bolsheviks and Marxism - 1354 Words

Analyzing the Bolshevik State compared to Marxism can be difficult because Marx, Engels and their followers gave relatively little thought to what the state would look like after a socialist revolution. Engels famously wrote, â€Å"the state is not ‘abolished,’ it withers away,† which highlights the hazy and unfixed nature of Marx and Engle’s writings on the ultimate, classless society they envisioned. Further, what they did write is subject to the differing interpretations by numerous socialist parties all claiming to be Marxist. As discussed earlier, Lenin claimed he simply reshaped Marxism to fit the conditions of Russia. Others argue his interpretation was not true Marxism at all. However, the basic principles of a socialist state in the eyes of Marx’s are outlined in the Communist Manifesto as follows: 1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes. †¨ 2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. †¨ 3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance. †¨ 4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. †¨ 5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly. †¨ 6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State. †¨ 7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan. †¨ 8.Show MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Marxism1229 Words   |  5 Pagestime Russia was not economically advanced and had many farmers. Lenin felt he had to change the aspects of Marxism to fit Russia Lenin argued that the capitalists in European countries engaged in a policy of imperialism, or empire building, to extract the wealth from colonies and use part of that wealth to buy the proletarian class into submission. Thus, according to this new take on Marxism, class exploitation is not just a domestic phenomenon but occurs between States as well. Lenin also pointedRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 1917848 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcomes of this revolution using Marxist theory, explaining the key ideologies that come in to play as the revolution comes to an end and the newly established Bolshevik government, led by Vladimir Lenin, decides how the nation will be run. Marxism is a socialist ideology that is derived from the workings of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engles. Marxism discusses how society functions in a political and economical way, as well as looking in to the structure of class and class struggle within a society. MarxistsRead MoreTrotsky s Influence On The Revolution1225 Words   |  5 PagesGovernorate, Russian Empire (now in Ukraine) Leon Trotsky was a member of the Bolshevik party, which he only became a part of once he returned to Russia after being in exile in New York, once he returned he was arrested by Kerensky, the new prime minister. He was soon released and once he was Trotsky became Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. Soon the Provisional Government was overthrown, and Lenin the leader of the Bolsheviks claimed power. Now as Trotsky was the Commissar of Foreign Affairs, TrotskyRead MoreThe Fundamental Causes of the Russian Revolution Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people who wanted control over their own production in the factories. The concept of Marxism was recognized by the Russians as early as 1980. The first Marxist group was formed by Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov, known as the Father of Russian Marxism in 1883. In the late 1800s, one of Plekhanovs most passionate supporters was Vladimir Lenin. Lenin admired Plekhanov as the founder of Russian Marxism and strove to master the revolutionary activity and party building Plekhanov had begun. InRead MoreLeon Trotsky s Influence On The Soviet Revolution1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1905 Revolution, in the eventual Communist Revolution of October 1917, and in the Russian Civil War. Without Trotsky’s impact in the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks would have been defeated. His own beliefs on Marxism combined with his intellect made Trotsky a target and influential leader in the Soviets. From his studies on Marxism, he created Trotskyism, a Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution. Also, his organization-building skills and revoluti onary military ideasRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171563 Words   |  7 Pagesof Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky organized the Bolsheviks, or Red Army, in political and military strategy against the Menshevik White Army. Part of their success came from the lack of unification of the Mensheviks. While the White Army banded together under a simply ‘anti-Bolshevik’ policy, the Red Army was spurred on by one philosophy: communism. However, only the broader-picture ideals of the Communist Manifesto directly influenced the Bolsheviks. Instead they modified Marx’s teachings, becauseRead MoreLeon Trotsky1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthan international history. He was born on November 7, 1879, Ukraine (Yanovka) and later changed his name to Leon Trotsky, the name of his prison guard at Odessa prison whilst in exile in Siberia. Trotsky was introduced to Marxism at a young age of 17 at a school in Nikolayev. Marxism is a political ideology crated by Karl Marx and Fried rich Engels that presents the idea of having a revolution involving violence in order to obtain a classless society. The rise of Trotsky’s political power starts duringRead MoreTrotsky And The Soviet Revolution1434 Words   |  6 Pagesa product of their time due to his participation in Russia s revolution and the series of important events leading to the revolution, his ability to successfully lead an army of over 5 million in the Russian civil war, intellectual literature on Marxism and revolutionary powers and his position as a Commissar of War. Though this statement was not always relevant to Trotsky, during the struggle for power in the 1920s he was decimated by Joseph Stalin whom had far great ability to politically maneuverRead MoreLenins Power Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesable to consolidate his power because of the weakness of his opponents. Find evidence to support or refute this statement. Chloe Tomlinson There were many different equally important reasons why Lenin and the Bolsheviks were able to hold on to their power. For Lenin, and the Bolsheviks, winning political power was relatively easy, compared with retaining it. They had many different objects to overcome, such as; Russia was in chaos, politically and economically, and normal government had brokenRead MoreRussia s Revolutionary Fabric : Lenin1599 Words   |  7 PagesRussia’s Revolutionary Fabric: Lenin Lenin believed in a distinctly violent revolutionary ideology. Lenin claimed that he strictly followed Marxism, yet his policies and actions did not reflect it. One need only to read Lenin’s What is to be Done? and contrast it with Marx’s The Manifesto of the Communist Party to note the stark differences between their ideologies. Lenin believed that the working class could not reach class consciousness – the realization that capitalism exploits the working class

Native Americans Of The New World - 949 Words

The remains of Kennewick Man tell us that humans migrated to the new world in waves. The Native Americans of the new world are probably not the original humans there. Based on DNA evidence and skeletal structure (predominately skull, but also pelvic as well as other aspects), the remains appear to have come from persons who resembled a more Caucasoid ancestry. It appears that through openings in continental ice sheets, (Land Bridge Theory) small populations were able to migrate south to the Americas. While many of the prehistoric remains which are found appear to not be related to present-day American Indians, the two groups did share the same region, albeit, apparently at different time periods. Kennewick man, in almost every aspect, resembled that of a Caucasoid, but could have not possibly been European--He actually resembles Ainu of Japan more than any other human population. This is due to the fact that migratory routes at the time seemed highly unlikely, as the population w ould have to have come from the Bering Strait. Openings and migrations of mega-fauna and other available food sources appears to be the main motivational factor for humans migrating south along the pacific coast. (Clovis Culture) Also, as was shown in class, there could have been an opening in the continental ice sheet in the present-day country of Canada. This could have also allowed both food and humans to migrate south in a slow, non-intentional manner, or in a fast all-at once mannerShow MoreRelatedNative Americans And The New World1261 Words   |  6 Pageshow the world expanded immensely starting in the 14th Century. By discovering a New World, opportunities for growth, development and freedom emerged almost instantaneously. But, the new conquers, particularly the British, faced many problems with the Native Americans and struggled with ways to coerce them into performing laborious tasks. Labor played a huge role in the New World, it served as income, means needed to survive and really make it in the new colony. Originally, Native Americans who hadRead MoreNative Americans And The New World1308 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in the Sixteenth Century, Europeans sought to escape religious and class persecution by engaging on a journey to the New World. However, they were unaware that this â€Å"New World† was already inhabited by many groups of Native Americans, who had been established on the continent for thousands of years. At first, the two ethnic groups lived in relative peace. The colonists of Jamestown survived due to Powhatan’s tribe teaching them how to cultivate the land. However, things took a twisted turnRead MoreNative Americans And The New World1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe European colonists and the Native Americans of the New World were divergent from one another than similar. Native Americans had a more primitive lifestyle than the Europeans modern way of life. Europeans referred to themselves as â€Å"civilized† an d looked at Native Americans as â€Å"savages.† In spite of that, Benjamin Franklin corresponded in, Remarks concerning the savages of North America, â€Å"Savages we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfection of civility; theyRead MoreNative Americans : The New World Essay1909 Words   |  8 Pageswith Native Americans has been a constant with outsiders since explorers first â€Å"discovered† the New World. The biggest surge in this fascination came in the mid-19th century when the Indian Wars were starting to come to an end and the belief that Native Americans were disappearing, walking into the sunset never to be seen again. This led to an increase in the collecting of anything Native American, from artifacts to stories to portraits. The inevitable outcome of this was that Native Americans, whoRead MoreNative Americans And The New World1976 Words   |  8 PagesWhen the colonists decided to travel to the New World, they were looking for the New World to better their lives. They came to gain knowledge of the world; which eventually they did from the Native Americans, and their own experiences. They were hoping for better opportunities within their colonies such as learning to manage money, to hunt and fish, and build homes for themselves; many did not know how to do these things before their travel. In the New World, they were also able to gain freedom, somethingRead MoreEssay about Europeans and Native Americans In The New World1107 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans and Native Americans in the New World Disease and Medicine along with war and religion were three ways American history has changed. When the colonists came over from Europe they unknowingly changed the world forever in ways they couldnt have imagined. These effects were present to both Native Americans and Europeans. Some of these changes made life easier for both Native Americans and Europeans but some made relations worse too. And some effects wouldnt show up until it was too lateRead More Disease and Native American Demise During the European Conquest of the New World3721 Words   |  15 PagesDisease and Native American Demise During the European Conquest of the New World The European conquest of the new world was most commonly attributed to the superiority of the Europeans in all the facets of their confrontation. They had the superior weaponry, and were thought to have a superior intellect. After all, they were just bringing civilization to the new world, right? It sounds nice when you are learning about Columbus in grade school, but the traditional story is pretty far fromRead MoreEuropean Colonization Of The New World1224 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean colonization of the New World began during the European age of exploration and following the discovery of resources in the New World. The various motives of the Spanish, British, and French imperialists were reflected in the political, economic, and social changes that occurred in the areas each government claimed. These changes are very distinctive and led to drastic changes in their respective areas. Spanish conquistadors sought gold and treasure from uncharted lands. Backed by the infantileRead MoreAnalysis Of Colin Calloway s The First Colonies 1539 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience that neither the Colonists of the New World nor the Native Americans were considered monolithic. Instead, they were much more nuanced in their understanding of the multifaceted attributes of the cultural associations in the Colonial United States. Calloway surveys this intriguing story with illustrative and detailed ways that offer a pertinent starting point for any individual wanting to know more about how the European people and Native Americans cooperated or interacted with one anotherRead MoreEarly Settlers and Native Americans1038 Words   |  5 PagesEarly Settlers and Native Americans The entire clash of two different cultures dates back all the way into the beginning of the early European arrival. All the different countries in Europe were all trying to find there own place in the new world by claiming the land for their country. The English were among one of the first Europeans to arrive in the new world; and establish the first permanent settlement called Jamestown. The English later extended their settlements along the Atlantic coast,

The Impact the Economy Has on Zoos in the Us Free Essays

The Impact the Economy has on Zoos in the US Throughout the course of this semester, I have learned much about macroeconomics. I came into this class knowing and understanding very little about this topic and found it very hard to grasp at first. As the weeks passed, I found myself starting to understand it a little better than previously once I started to apply it to a topic that interested me. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact the Economy Has on Zoos in the Us or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being able to choose a topic to write this paper on was a very good way to get students, like myself, to actually look into real life scenarios and apply what we have learned. This is what I will be doing throughout the course of this paper. The topic I chose to apply the concepts I have learned throughout class is the effect the economy has on zoos in the United States. Zoos have been affected dramatically since our economy has started to decline. This decline has affected many, many companies, businesses, and people. Because of all this the zoos have suffered greatly over the past few years. Many different examples of zoos and how they were affected will be given throughout this paper to show the enormity of the situation they are currently in. All of the terms I use throughout this paper have been learned from my Macroeconomics book by the authors McConnell, Brue, and Flynn as cited at the end of this paper. Having said this, I am ready to talk about two struggling zoos and what cutbacks they were forced to make. The first zoo I would like to talk about is the Bronx Zoo in New York. This zoo is the largest urban zoo in the country and it has been hit hard by the dropping economy. With New York being such a large city, the state and city budgets have been cut drastically. This makes the zoo have to cut things out of their budget as well like people, exhibits, and even the animals themselves. The labor force at the zoo has been cut by 15%, this was 186 people who are not out of a job like so many others across the country. Just some more names to add to the unemployment list I guess. The zoo also had to close three of its exhibits. The animals from the exhibits were sent all over the country to others zoos that could afford to take them in (Luhby). Not only do these cuts affect the zoo itself, but it also affects the economy as a whole in New York. It is estimated that four million visitors come through the gates of the Bronx and the New York Aquarium each year. In the Fiscal year of 2008, the zoo hired 800 seasonal employees and they are the largest youth employers in the Bronx (Wildlife Conservation Society). This provides a very positive impact on the area and now that they had their nominal income lessened, these jobs are no longer available for these people to have. These are just some of the problems the Bronx Zoo is facing, but what about some other zoos? The Lincoln Park Zoo in Illinois has also been suffering with budget shortfalls like Bronx Zoo. Not only did they face cuts in their labor force and more than a million dollars cut from their budget, but they had to find other ways to make cuts as well (Mullen). They have been using substitute goods for feeding their animals. Blueberries are very expensive so they have not been buying them for their gorillas. They use these blueberries as treats, but since there is a lack of funds they have had to find other treats for them to eat. Choosing less expensive fruit is a small, but effective way to cut costs (Fountain). This is just another way another zoo was affected by the economies current state. Now that I gave you a few examples of how certain zoos are struggling, I would like to discuss just how they are impacted as a whole. There is an organization called the Association of Zoos and Aquariums or known as AZA. This organization sees over zoos all across the world. AZA hired a very recognized economist, Dr. Stephen Fuller to conduct a state-by-state economic analysis. This 21-page analysis has been used in many articles I have examined he seems to have a very strong grasp on just how the economy has affected these AZA accredited zoos. Examples of his findings from two different states will be discussed below. An example state was use to show just how much the economy was impacted by the zoos itself. Indiana brought in $84. 3 million for the national Gross Domestic Product alone. This created 947 jobs and allowed personal earnings to reach $30 million (Zoo Impact: Tens of Millions of Dollars, Hundreds of Jobs). Another example was the impact the Houston Zoo had on its’ surrounding area. Fuller said that in 2010, more than 2 million visitors were recorded to enter the gates. The operating budget at this time was around $28. million. I know that sounds like a lot to run a zoo, but in return they created an economic impact of $70. 7 million. Also in 2010, a capital budget of $24. 5 million generated an impact of $65. 9 million. This all totaled to a whopping $135. 97 million (Your Houston News). All this money is just on a state scale. Across the United States, 224 zoos were surveyed and in total they contribut ed $16 billion dollars to the Gross Domestic Product. That’s right, it is in the billions! It created around 142,000 jobs and their personal earnings were right around $4. billion (Zoo Impact: Tens of Millions of Dollars, Hundreds of Jobs). All of these numbers could increase if they simply had the funds. The economic crisis that we are in right now has caused their budgets to dwindle down and it does not just affect the zoo itself like I have shown. It affects the people whose jobs get cut because there isn’t enough money, animals lose their homes and get shipped away, and it causes zoos to make cutbacks on the food and care the animals are receiving. In whole, all of this affects the surrounding areas of the zoo and all who live there. This impact then affects the whole United States, impacting the Gross Domestic Product. People just think we can take away money from these zoos to help ourselves out, but in reality it is still hurting us. I’m not only concerned about how it affects us, but the animals are suffering as well. These animals were not asked to be given less food or smaller space to roam, but have to suffer the consequences of us humans not being able to care for them because of the economy. We do not always see how we affect the environment and things around us because we are too worried about ourselves. So not only did I take away knowing and understanding terms like GDP, Nominal income, and operating costs, but also on how each individual plays an important role in the economy. All of this has allowed me to understand just how we affect zoos because we are the economy. The economy is determined by our spending of money on goods and services and if we didn’t it would collapse completely like we are starting to witness with other countries today. ? Works Cited â€Å"Bronx Zoo, New York Aquarium and Other City Cultural Organizations Have Whale-Sized, Positive Impact on New York City Economy – Wildlife Conservation Society. WCS. org – Wildlife Conservation Society. 28 May 2009. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . Fountain, Henry. â€Å"In Zoo Cuts, It’s Man vs. Beast. † Nytimes. com. 17 Mar. 2009. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . Fuller, Steven S. â€Å"The Economic Impact of Spending for Operations and Construction by AZA-Accredited Zoos and Aquariums. † Aza. com. Mar. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Houston Zoo’s Economic Impact Extends beyond Region, Study Says – Your Houston News: West University. † Your Houston News: Local Matters. 12 Aug. 2011. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . Livingston, Guy. â€Å"The Economic Impact of The ZOO on the Northwest Florida Regional Economy. Uwf. edu. 15 Mar. 2004. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . Luhby, Tami. â€Å"Zoo Animals Face Budget Knife. † CNNMoney – Business, Financial and Personal Finance News. 19 May 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. . McConnell, Campbell R. , Stanley L. Brue, and Sean Masaki. Flynn. Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems, and Policies. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print. Mullen, William. â€Å"Lincoln Park Zoo Plans Cuts. † Chicago Breaking News. 14 Jan. 2009. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"Zoo Impact: Tens of Millions of Dollars, Hundreds of Jobs – Newsroom. † Inside INdiana Business with Gerry Dick. 28 June 2011. Web. 08 Dec. 2011. . How to cite The Impact the Economy Has on Zoos in the Us, Essay examples

Comparing Bradley to Billy liar Essay Example For Students

Comparing Bradley to Billy liar Essay My improvisation is called Bradley and I am comparing this to a play we have read in drama called Billy Liar. Billy Liar is written in around 1960 by Keith Waterhouse and is set in an industrial town. A difference between the two plays is that Bradley is set in the present day and Billy liar is set in the 1960, this tells us that peoples views have changed and also the social life has changed. Our play is mainly about having different pressures, and we used different techniques to show these pressures. The play consisted of different scenes where Bradley meets his girlfriends. Also in Billy liar there are many scenes where he meets his girlfriends. During Billy Liar Billy lies to his girlfriends to get himself out of trouble, and also in Bradley Bradley lies to get him self out of trouble, trouble that they got them self into. An example of Bradleys lies is the time when he lies to one of his girlfriends about his sister getting cancer, this was to get sympathy and an excuse of why he didnt meet his girlfriend. Billy and Bradley lie that often so when they get them self into trouble the lies just roll of their tongue, its as if they cant help lying. Our play used very little scenery to give a Brechtian style which is what we wanted as we didnt want to be changing the set around and also we didnt have much space to put the scenery in, but in Billy Liar they would have had more room and different sets to be changing the scenery around. In Billy liar it is different as they use a lot of scenery to make it seem real and that they are actually in the rooms. Also I think that both plays seem real and that they both do actually happen in real life. You could tell that Billy liar is set quite a lot of years ago as they were in a industrial town and didnt have a lot of money, and also the way they just lazed about the house and making the wife do all the work just like people used to do in the 1960s. In Bradley you could tell it is set in the present day with having the coffee bar scene and also the night club scene. I would also say that more people in the present day would have cheated on their girlfriend or boyfriend, and also it is a lot more common for people to cheat on each, but in the 1960s it was very rare for people to cheat on each other. In the more modern day it is more likely that people will cheat on each other. There are a lot more people that go to university and have to study a lot so dont have enough time to have a long term relationship and dont want to have the commitment so just have fun and that includes having more than one girlfriend. In our play we joined all of our scenes together to the final scene where all the characters meet face to face. In the scenes they gradually built up to the final scene, the opening scenes were for the audience to get a picture of the characters and also so they could think about what is going to happen in the final scene. In our play there were different pressures and they were all shown in different ways and using different techniques. In our play, Bradley is very similar to Billy as they both have many girlfriends and also they both lie. A difference between the two characters is that Billy quite often goes into his dream world whilst talking to his girlfriends, but Bradley doesnt seem to go into a dream world. In Billy Liar the characters seem to want Billy a lot more than the characters in Bradley. This is shown because of how many times Billy gets into trouble and lies his way out of it, the girls always come back to him. But in Bradley it is always Bradley who does all the chasing and it shows at the end where all his girlfriends leave him that they arent too interested in him. .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 , .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .postImageUrl , .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 , .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:hover , .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:visited , .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:active { border:0!important; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:active , .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4 .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u212a63931af1935b97ec55cda16b96b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Storm, The Yellow Wallpaper, Young Goodman Brown EssayAnother comparison between the two plays is that, both Billy and Bradley are greedy and always want more. In Bradley, he is greedy by having more than one girlfriend and in Billy Liar he also has more than one girlfriend, really Billy should just stay with one girlfriend. Our play has a different ending, because Bradley was so greedy in having more than one girlfriend it backfired at him as they all left him and he had no one, but in Billy Liar they dont all leave him and it leaves you on the edge about whether he did or did not get on the train an leave his family.